Nutrition of ruminants
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چکیده
Developing production systems for ruminants using tropical feed resources requires an understanding of the relative roles and nutrient needs of the two-compartment system represented by the symbiotic relationship between rumen micro-organisms and the host animal. Fibre-rich, low-protein forages and crop residues are the most abundant and appropriate feeds for ruminants in the tropics. Strategies to improve the utilization of these feeds should aim: (i) to provide supplements to correct the nutrient imbalances at the level of the microbes and the animal and; (ii) to increase the availability of energy to rumen microbes by "high-offer" (selective) feeding or chemical treatment (usually with urea). The most limiting nutrients for rumen microbes are ammonia, sulphur and phosphorus. For the animal, the needs for supplements are determined by the rate of production (e.g., of work, of growth, of milk) and reproduction, and mostly involve the supply of "by-pass" (or "escape") protein.
منابع مشابه
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